Death Penalty for Rape - 1083 Words

The Death Penalty for Rape in the United States Since our country was formed the use of the Death Penalty has always been a controversial subject mainly because, the government is taking an individual’s life. This has been a form of punishment for thousands of years and for hundreds of years in the United States. It has been debated for years that the death penalty is unconstitutional and many people have thought that it violates the 8th amendment because it is possibly a â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment†. It has since been left up to the states to decide if they will allow the death penalty or eradicate it. As we go deeper into the subject of capital punishment we are met with even more controversy as we approach the subject†¦show more content†¦There are also several drawbacks to having the death penalty for rape. The main drawback is that some people think that capital punishment is way too harsh for the crime of rape. First off it is said that in crimes where no one is murdered such as rap e is not deserving of a taking of their right to life that is guaranteed to them by the Declaration of Independence. This was confirmed by the Supreme Court case Coker v. Georgia, which states that â€Å"while not disproportionate in the case of murder, was â€Å"grossly disproportionate† and â€Å"excessive punishment† in the case of rape.† (Coker v. Georgia, 1977) Another belief is that if the death penalty is imposed for the crime of rape, rapists will choose to not only rape women but also kill them since the penalty imposed is already death so basically they can’t receive a worse sentence. (Park, B.J. 2010) The final and very vital drawback if the death penalty was used in rape is that the death penalty is an exclusive punishment only reserved for the worst of the worst and since rape is such a popular crime it would be used too much. This country wants to infrequently use the death penalty. (Park, B.J. 2010) In my opinion the death penalty should be used only for certain rape cases, those in which are extra malicious such as a child rape case or incest cases the reason I would onlyShow MoreRelatedShould Death Penalty Be More Harder?958 Words   |  4 Pagesthat sexual assaults or rapes occur in Thailand and about 32,000 woman and girls were raped or abused; 1 woman every 15 minutes. This is a serious problem in Thailand since the number of rapes or abuses never decreased and tend to increase each year. Moreover, rape cases which occur indecent years provoke public anger that make they think that punishment of raping should be more harder. The issue of given death penalty to rapist has been widely debated since the number of rapes tend to increase andRead MoreDeath Penalty : A Capital Crime And For Murder993 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty Robert Mercado English 11th Mrs. Kempsey May 17th, 2016 Death Penalty Death penalty is given when a person commits a capital crime and for murder. The eighth amendment forbids extreme punishment on the criminals when the it is excessive to the crime. Ehrlich Anthony Coker was a man who committed many crimes and was set up for the death penalty. He should have gotten consider on the account of what he had done to his victims, and the eighth amendment is supposed toRead MoreThe Case Of Kennedy V. Louisiana976 Words   |  4 Pagesneighborhood. He was convicted sentenced to death 2003. On March 2nd 1988 the victim sustained severe injuries; the injuries required emergency surgery because the rape was so brutal. Louisiana law authorized capital punishment for the rape of a child twelve years and younger. Mr. Patrick Kennedy challenged his sentence under the eighteen amendments as cruel and unusual punishment. The Louisiana Supreme Court declined the challenged that the death penalty was not too harsh for such a wicked crimeRead MoreThe Case Of Ehrlich Coker798 Words   |  4 PagesOn December 5, 1971, Ehrlich Coker was to have allegedly raped and stabbed a young woman to death. Less than a year later, he kidnapped and raped a sixteen year old female. There was an additional victim in which he tortured the young woman and abandoned her in a wooded area. After his apprehension, Mr. Coker pled guilty to the offenses. â€Å" He was sentenced by three separate courts to three life terms, two 20-year terms, and one 8-year term of imprisonment† (Brody Acker, 2010, p. 57). While MrRead MoreCapital Punishment During The Colonial Era1165 Words   |  5 PagesBritain was the biggest influence on America when it came to utilizing the death penalty. The death penalty was used for minor offenses such as stealing, killing animals, and trading with Indians. As the late 1700s approached, a movement towards abolishing the death penalty began. Beccaria wrote an essay in 1767 called â€Å"Crimes and Punishment,† that had a signifi cant impact on the world’s opinion towards the death penalty (Bohm,1999). Beccaria suggested that there was no justification for the governmentRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States1588 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the utmost form of punishment in the United States. It is the method of punishment by execution legally given to a criminal convicted of a crime. Capital punishment originated from many early societies, it is only imposed on people who have committed very serious crimes, and only five different execution types are currently used in the United States. The death penalty has been around for a while. The first death penalty laws date back to the eighteenthRead MoreIs The Death Penalty Immoral?1622 Words   |  7 PagesIs the death penalty immoral? In the United States, if a human being commits a capital crime, they can receive the punishment of execution administered by that state in which they performed that crime. When someone commits a capital crime, the jury can issue a guilty verdict that is punishable by death through lethal injection or electrocution. The death penalty is viewed as an extremely controversial topic that is debated daily among individuals. Determining fair punishment for committing a crimeRead MoreRape in India1190 Words   |  5 PagesRape in India Brittany Jones As a woman in the United States, rape is the ultimate nightmare, but to women in India it’s everyday life. Many rape victims’ stories just show how the police in India fail to respond adequately to crimes, especially crimes involving children or women. On February 14th, three girls that were five, nine, and 11 were raped and murdered in the village of Lakhni, India. When the girl’s grandfather reported the girls missing to the police nothing was done about itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes not permit her to infringe on the rights of, or endanger, another. For example, the right of a man to do what he wants with his body does not permit him to rape women. And a woman’s right to do what she wants with her hands ends when she uses them to drown her children. Choice, then, is not absolute. Indeed, some choices are wrong: rape, murder, abuse, etc. Since we would not allow a mother to kill her born children by choice, we must not permit her to kill her preborn children for the same reasonRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It Ever Justified?1111 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing committed more often. The death penalty is something that is needed here in the United States to help lower these ongoin g vicious crime rates. In the essay â€Å"The Death Penalty: Is It Ever Justified?† Written by Edward I. Koch, this exact issue is discussed. Koch believes capital punishment in the form of the death penalty may help make these criminals to understand morality, or right from wrong. He states, â€Å"Life is indeed precious, and I believe the death penalty helps to affirm that fact† (483)

The Supernatural Element Of Witchcraft - 1184 Words

Temptation is more than the mere the promise of glory, it is an intense allurement that is can be physically uncontrollable despite our awareness of our actions’ consequences. The nature of temptation in Macbeth raises numerous questions regarding the human condition as Shakespeare introduces the supernatural element of witchcraft by using the Wyrd Sisters to entice Macbeth and propel the plot of the play. Many have debated the degree of responsibility that the witches should shoulder regarding Macbeth’s fall as a protagonist. English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge once said that the witches in Macbeth â€Å"only have the power of tempting those who have been the tempters of themselves†. By examining the tragically heroic figure of Macbeth, in relation to characters such as Banquo and Lady Macbeth, it becomes clear that while the witches serve as harbingers of fate, they simply bring the desires already existing within Macbeth to the surface, and therefore, should not be held responsible for Macbeth’s demise as he himself gave the witches permission to manipulate him by interpreting their words in an ill manner. In Macbeth, the witches act as a symbol of the dark side of human nature and the outside forces which have the capability to influence man’s decisions. Shakespeare depicts the witches as hideous, otherworldly, androgynous beings who are â€Å"so wither’d and so wild in their attire, That look not like the inhabitants o’ the earth† (I.iii.41-42). They appear to have no regardShow MoreRelatedSummary : Bless Me, Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesSupernatural The practice of witchcraft throughout history has had an everlasting impact on how witches are portrayed in our modernistic era. In the novel, Bless Me, Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya depicts the development of Ultima, an old curandera, to symbolize a recurrent theme of how being different is looked down upon. Although being accused of witchcraft has had a negative connotation all throughout history, there is a fine line between using witchcraft for good rather than evil. Witchcraft can haveRead MoreRole of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best understanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in Scotland -- comes from a supernatural or otherworldly sourceRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Hill s The World Turned Upside Down Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia in 1607 had confidence in the truth of witchcraft before they even set foot on North American soil. Like most Europeans, their Christian confidence had profound roots, and they saw the characteristic world as a spot that could be formed by supernatural forces (Witowsk i 2014). The first settlers to the New World had the same theological culture and Christian beliefs as their English counterparts; the settlers used their belief in the supernatural to explain things that they did not understandRead MoreGothic Elements Present in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter1310 Words   |  5 Pagesconsist of supernatural and inexplicable elements, prophecies and curses that have a major influence on the theme over the literature. Gothic is a method of literature with particular traits. Gothic elements are present in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter through Puritanism, sin and suspense and Gothic structure. The underlying theme within the novel suggests that sins of the past are unavoidable as they haunt the protagonist of the story. The Scarlet Letter is filled with gothic elements fromRead MoreResponse to Sexuality, Witchcraft and Violence in Macbeth by Dennis Biggins1613 Words   |  7 PagesEH 304 Late Shakespeare 10/10/2011 â€Å"Sexuality, Witchcraft, and Violence in Macbeth, by Dennis Biggins Summary: In this article, Biggins focuses on several themes, both obvious and discreet, within the plot of Macbeth. Biggins disputes other critics opinions that sexuality has little thematic importance in Macbeth, stating that the play is immersed in sexuality through both violent and mystical indications. Other critics refer to the play as the purest of Shakespeare s tragedies,Read MoreEssay on James I influence in Shakespeares Writing1519 Words   |  7 Pagesunlocked opportunities to the imagination and the idea of supernatural started to bloom. Although, the supernatural is sometime mistaken with the gods of certain religions, believing in ghosts and witches was independent from the people chosen religion. The question of the existence of the supernatural, or something bigger than us, in 16th century Europe focused mainly on God from the Christian perspective. During this time other supernatural characters were brought to light, affecting the politicsRead MoreThe Presentation of Witche s in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying is Macbeth. Macbeth was written for James the first, and was written because he was interested in witchcraft. In the 17th century witchcraft was frowned upon to say the least, and most people who practised witchcraft were burned at the stake. This was because society couldnt handle witchcraft; they were frightened of it. But nowadays people understand witchcraft and dont see it as a threat; they almost see it as thrilling and interesting. There have been manyRead MoreShakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth When Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in the early 1600s the King of England was James I. James was king of Scotland too. He ruled in Scotland before coming king in England in 1603 as well. James was supposed to have descended from the real Banquo. Some people often think that Shakespeare wanted to flatter James I by writing this play by showing James that he was nothing like Macbeth. In Shakespeares play Macbeth it has beenRead MoreGothic Cinema And The Movie The Conjuring 1611 Words   |  7 Pagesgothic literature. For example, the element of the supernatural is the main part of this movie. By making the center of this movie about supernatural occurrences, it goes hand in hand with textual gothic. In textual gothic, there is almost always some type of supernatural element, even if it is as small as in The Castle of Otranto. However, instead of having a small supernatural element, The Conjuring provides the audience with extremely terrifying and real supernatural components. For example, one terrifyingRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : Witchcraft Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witch Trials Witchcraft has been around since the B.C. era, but erupted in the late 1600s. It began in Europe and eventually made its way to the New World. Witchcraft is believing in and the use of practical magic, such as casting spells, calling on spirits, or predicting the future. Witchcraft is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word, â€Å"wicce,† meaning wise. Therefore, it translates into â€Å"craft of the wise.† Wise people were those who were familiar with natures’ forces and were educated when it

Allama Iqbal and the Concept of Muslim Nation Free Essays

IQBAL’ S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REAWAKENING OF THE MUSLIM WORLD Muhammad Aman Hob ohm Some time before his death the poet and philosopher Mohammad Iqbal, in whose memory this meeting is held, wrote the following quatrain: â€Å"When I depart from this world everyone will say: â€Å"He was known to me But in truth, none knows this traveller, Or what he said, and to whom nor whence he came. â€Å" I have neither the good fortune of knowing Iqbal personally nor am 11 an Iqbal scholar. When I was asked by the Honorary General Secretary, Pakistan Cultural Group, to participate in this meeting and to share with you some of my thoughts on the contribution made by Mohammad Iqbal to the renaissance of the Muslim World in general and to the re-awakening of Muslims of pre-partitioned India in particular, I accepted, mainly for the following two reasons: Firstly I feel that as a Muslim whose own understanding of Islam has been deeply influenced by Iqbal it was my duty to join you in paying homage to this great and noble soul repaying some of the debt of gratitude I owe him for enlightening me through his writings on so many aspects of Islamic teachings and for in-creasing my love and respect for the Messenger (peace be upon him) — and his message through Iqbal’s inspired exposition of the religion of Islam, — the religion of my choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Allama Iqbal and the Concept of Muslim Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly acceptance of your kind invitation to address tonight lies in the fact that I hail from a country for which Iqbal has always had the highest esteem and what is more, a deep and abiding love and admiration i. e. Germany. Iqbal himself tells us in the preface to Payam-e-Mushriq the book in which his art has probably reached the height of power and perfection, that of the two great sages who have influenced him more than anyone else in his career as a thinker and poet, one was Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Roomi — who hailed from the East, the other was Goethe, who came from West. Iqbal went to Germany in 1906 when he studied philosophy at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich. He presented his doctoral thesis entitled â€Å"The Development of Metaphysics in Persia† to the Munich University which, in November 1907, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His thesis was an original contribution to the subject and it still retains its importance. During his stay in Heidelberg and Munich he developed deep admiration for Germany, German thought, and poetry. As every scholar of Iqbal knows there are innumerable instances in his writings, his letters and in recorded conversation with him which clearly indicate that the works of German philosopher and poets have been a source of great inspiration to him. I have in my possession a number of letters which Iqbal wrote to his German tutor in Heidelberg. These letters, some of them written in fluent German, express his love and admiration for Germany in a most touching and convincing way. â€Å"It is impossible for me†, writes Iqbal to his tutor â€Å"to forget your beautiful country where I have learned so much†. My stay in Heidelberg is nothing now but a beautiful dream. How I’d wish I could repeat it†. â€Å"I am very fond of Germany. It has had great influence on my ideals, and I shall never forget my stay in that country†. Never shall I forget the days I spent at Heidelberg, where you taught me Goethe’s Faust, those were very happy days, indeed†. — And a final quotation, â€Å"Germany was a kind of second home to my spirit. I learned much and I thought much in that country. The home of Goethe has found a permanent place in my soul†. Iqbal’s stay in Europe from 1905 till 1908 has had, I think one can call it, â€Å"revolutionizing† effect on his attitude to life, and nowhere does this find a more forceful expression than in his poetry. Iqbal’s career as a poet began during his school days. His earlier poems show him as a lover of nature and as a patriot to his country, undivided India. Iqbal was, indeed, an ardent Indian nationalist, until he went abroad. However, during his stay in Europe he had an opportunity of studying modern nationalism at close quarters in its arious manifestations, with the- result that he came to realize the fundamental, antithesis between the narrow creed of racial and geographical loyalty and the broad humanistic outlook of Islam. Now he was no longer the poet of a particular nations. Despite he became the poet of Islam, and as such I dare say the poet of humanity. Likewise, his penetrating study of Western philosophy and social thought at their source, so to say, h is stay in Europe enabled him probably as the first Muslim in Modern lines, — to study Islam in the light of modern philosophical concepts. In this process and this is significant as it shows the mettle of which Iqbal was made, his faith in his religion — Islam and significance and lasting character of the fundamental values of Islam which far from weakening, gained so much in strength and conviction and assumed such dimensions that from now on he devoted himself wholly and solely to The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam — to use the title, of his well known collection of lectures on the subject — he became the foremost Muslim thinker of our age. But we cannot say him the philosopher of Islam, for he was far more than a mere lover of wisdom. His feet were too firmly planted in the earth. The very essence of his teachings was movement, dynamism, creative activity and not passive contemplation. Art thou alive? Be enthusiastic, be a creator, Be a conqueror of the Universe like me Smash the World into pieces if it does not suit thee And bring forth another world from the depth of thy being It is irritating for a free man to live in a World made by others He who is devoid of creative power Is naught for me but an infidel and a heretic. This is the spirit which made him take upon himself the gigantic task of rousing millions of fellow countrymen, millions of human beings and making them cast off the moral inertia which had paralysed their mind and spirit in the course of centuries. And this is also the spirit which prompted him, perhaps even compelled him to associate himself actively with politics from the later 1920s till the day of his death. It is because the political ideas such as are taking shape in India today, may affect the structure of Islam†, Iqbal is reported to have said, â€Å"that I am interested in politics†. And he said elsewhere: â€Å"Politics has its roots in the spiritual life of man — Religion is a force of great importance in the life of the individual as well as of nations†. â€Å"And religion which in its highest manifestations is neither dogma nor priesthood nor mere ritual, can al one ethically pre-pare modern man for the burden of the great responsibility which the advancement of modern science necessarily involves†¦. It is only by rising to a fresh vision of his origin and future, his whence and whither, that man will eventually triumph over a society motivated by an inhuman competition and a civilization which has lost its spiritual unity by its inner conflict of religious and political values†. So far Iqbal, the political thinker and visionary, who in this capacity too has found a place in history, through his famous presidential address at the Annual Session of the All India Muslim League at Allahabad in December 1930, in which he gave the world the concept of a consolidated, independent Muslim State in the Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent. He thus became the founder, the originator of the Pakistan idea, though the word â€Å"Pakistan† was not coined by him. Iqbal’s unique contribution to Muslim thought is his concept of the Ego and of the perfect man, as other speakers tonight are likely to dwell upon at length. This is a point, should like to make according to Iqbal –man can achieve his highest possibilities only within and through society. This society must, however, fulfil certain conditions which Iqbal has formulated very clearly and which I may be permitted to enumerate, because of the importance which I personally attach to them. The ideal society must have a spiritual basis which is provided by the principle of Tawhid. â€Å"The state according to Islam, is only an effort to realize the spiritualism in a human organization†. â€Å"Islam, as a policy, is only a practical means of making this principle, the principle, of Tawhid, a living factor in the intellectual and traditional life of mankind. It demands loyally to God, and, this in my opinion is a pointed reference to British raj in lndia, not to thrones. And since God is the ultimate spiritual basis of all life, loyalty to God virtually amounts to man’s loyally to his ideal nature. Iqbal further insists that it must centre around the Prophet (peace be upon him), that it must have a code — the Holy Quran and a focus — Mecca, and it ought to apply itself to conquering the forces of nature. Iqbal was convinced that the decadence of the East as it obtained in his days and before, its economic and political disintegration were caus ed to a large ex-tent by its neglect of science. But let us not forget that he also demanded that his ideal society must maintain traditions, for traditions are a factor of stability. His ideal society is the Ummah as envisaged by Islam. His ideal man the Prophet (peace be upon him). At a time when the East was in an extremely distressing and difficult situation, defeated and humiliated by an adversity who seemed to be all powerful while the West stood at the apex of its glory, when no one would have given a frame for the Muslims and their future – he brought out in verse/and rhyme/and prose — thus laying the foundation for the resurgence of Islam of which we are witnesses — he brought out restated fundamentals, nay essentials of Islam in a clarity which cannot be surpassed. And by doing so he restored confidence in the hearts of millions of our brethren, fortified their belief and gave them new hope for the future. A future — and that was Iqbal’s most cherished vision — in which alI Muslims would form an indivisible community, united in the belief that their religion, the religion of Islam — and here I may be permitted to quote Iqbal once again — that their religion, i. e. Islam is not a departmental affair. That is neither mere thought nor mere feeling, nor mere action; that it is the expression of the whole man. May God bless his soul. How to cite Allama Iqbal and the Concept of Muslim Nation, Papers

Sustainable Development and Analysis for BMW- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Development and Analysis for BMW. Answer: Success of sustainable development strategy by BMW BMW has been branding the company as efficient dynamics which denotes its sincerity in achieving a most sustainable mode of operation with a focus on optimizing the range of combustion engine which features 3-, 4- and 6- cylinder power units. After a brief study of BMWs systematic manufacture of productions ensures that they are maintaining a harmonious relationship with the environment without plundering its renewable sources of energy For a holistic development BMW has acquired plans to reduce CO2 emissions by 2020 by almost half and focused on hydrogen as an alternative option (Kapferer Michaut-Denizeau, 2017). BMW Company adheres to the policy of preserving the surrounding environment and had launched Project I, which focused on the designing of vehicles so as to achieve the most for sustainable development. Its main focus was to develop new strategies in the areas of RD and marketing. This has created a niche for BMW in the market for its approach to sustainability and development. It has manufactured electric vehicles as a means of sustainable development and production. BMW has developed the GINA concept which has generated the flow of innovative thinking amongst the customers and has met with their requirements in an innovative manner. It is lightweight and made up of carbon fiber is therefore helpful in meeting the principles of sustainable development because of its recyclable nature. BMW GINA is the best example in demonstrating how to make higher quality products for consumers while at the same time preserving the key principles of sustainable development which challenges the previous and harmful patterns of consumption by consumers. BMW has been a pioneer in its approach to enrich the quality of green cars, one of the major examples being Landshut. BMW has adhered to the principle of sustainable management of resources by preserving the natural environment by adopting policies like development of zero emission vehicles. BMW has tackled with the issue of global warming, BMW has manufactured smaller cars to reduce CO2 emissions and has adopted environment guidelines as stated in the Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce (Castillod, 2016).With a more judicious eradication of traditional resources, it has adopted electricity as it is both comparatively cheaper and friendlier that the usage of petrol and diesel. One of the best examples if BMW i3 which generated zero emissions and complies with the objective of being a green car. Their strategies have made them to win the Urban Car of the Year award with their launch of BMW i3. They have also emphasized in waste management operations for improving the quality of their recycled products (Barkemeyer et al., 2014). Their strategy of implementing b attery-electric has made them a forerunner in the domain of sustainable production. BMW has implemented the usage of lighter magnesium is order to makes its products lighter which offers for an improved fuel economy and easier recycling process. BMW has also developed the approach to use aluminum and CFRP to use them as wheel rims (Kapferer Michaut-Denizeau, 2017). BMW has also integrated the concept of resource efficiency with the usage of raw materials which has enabled BMW to reduce its exploitation of natural resources. It is also a part of circular economy which is a key to sustainable development. Circular economy has helped BMW to limit its usage of virgin materials and reduction of waste products. Furthermore, BMW has also concentrated on job creation rate by increasing the rate of recycling, reuse and remanufacturing. In this way BMW ensures for the adequate preservation of resources for the future. As a part of their sustainable development in production process BMW has sketched i-brand which is made up of renewable energies and has a greenhouse gas potential is almost 50% lower than the most of the other automobiles (Kapferer Michaut-Denizeau, 2017). This is at par with one of the strictest principles of sustainable development and production, to preserve bio-diversity ad conducting business in such a way so that it does not hamper the surrounding cultural and social aspects of the environment. BMW has generated a scrutinized system of maintaining workers health within the workplace environment, retirement models, health insurance and other benefits (Barkemeyer et al., 2014). Additionally apart from their development of sustainable products they have adhered to a non-discriminatory culture to eradicate gender discrimination. They have taken measures like sustainable transport, product responsibility with the elimination of obsolete technology, making packaging less harmful to eradicate the danger of chemical contamination, creation of jobs to reduce unemployment and poverty (Castillod, 2016). It can be firmly asserted that BMW has taken all the necessary steps like usage of renewable sources of energy, maintaining workers health and safety as per the protocols of sustainable development. Reference List: Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L., Tsang, S. (2014). What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.sustainable development,22(1), 15-32. Castillod, J. J. (2016).Teamwork in the Automobile Industry: Radical Change or Passing Fashion?. Springer. Grey, C. P., Tarascon, J. M. (2017). Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development.Nature materials,16(1), 45. Kapferer, J. N., Michaut-Denizeau, A. (2017). Is luxury compatible with sustainability? Luxury consumers viewpoint. InAdvances in Luxury Brand Management (pp. 123-156). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Rizal Poems Essay Example

Rizal Poems Paper You bid me now to strike the lyre. That deaf-and-dumb person and torn so long has lain: And yet I can non wake the strain. Nor will the Muse one note inspire! Coldly it shakes in accenta dire. As if my psyche itself to contorting. And when its sound seems but to fling A joke at its ain low plaint ; So in sad isolation pent. My psyche can neither experience nor sing. There was a time-ah. t is excessively true – But that clip long ago has past – When upon me the Muse had cast Indulgent smiling and friendship’s due ; But of that age now all excessively few The ideas that with me yet will remain ; As from the hours of gay drama There linger on cryptic notes. And in our heads the memory floats Of minstrelsy and music homosexual. A works I am. that barely grown. Was torn from out its Eastern bed. Where all around aroma is shed. And life but as a dream is known ; The land that I can name my ain. By me disregarded ne’er to be. Where trilling birds their vocal taught me. And Cascadess with their ceaseless boom. And all along the apreading shore The mutter of the sounding sea. While yet in childhood’s happy twenty-four hours. I learned upon its Sun to smile. And in my chest at that place seems the piece Huming volcanic fires to play. A bard I was. my wish alway To name upon the fleeting air current. With all the force of poetry and head: Go Forth. and spread around its fire From zone to district with glad acclamation. And Earth to heaven together bind! We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Poems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But it I left. and now no more – Like a tree that is broken and dried-up – My natal Gods bring the reverberation clear Of vocals that in past times they bore ; Wide seas I cross’d to foreign shore. With hope of alteration and other destiny ; My folly waa made clear excessively tardily. For in the topographic point of good I sought The seas reveal’d unto me naught. But made death’s ghost on me wait. All these fond illusions that were mine. AIl love. all feeling. all emprise. Were left beneath the cheery skies. Which o’er that flowery part radiance ; So press no more that supplication of thine. For vocals of love from out a bosom That in cold blood liea a thing apart ; Since now with tortur’d psyche I haste Unresting o’er the desert waste. And lifeless gone is all the art. To my Muse Invoked no longer is the Muse. The lyre is out of day of the month ; The poets it no longer usage. And youth its inspiration now imbues With other signifier and province. If today our illusions aught Of poetry would still necessitate. Helicon’s hill remains undesired ; And without attentiveness we but ask. Why the java is non brought. In the topographic point of idea sincere That our Black Marias may experience. We must prehend a pen of steel. And with poetry and line terrible Flinging abroad a joke and mockery. Muse. that in the yesteryear inspired me. And with vocals of love hast fired me ; Go thou now to dull rest. For today in sordid prose I must gain the gold that hired me. Now must I chew over deep. Meditate. and battle on ; E’en sometimes I must cry ; For he who love would maintain Great hurting has undergone. Fled are the yearss of easiness. The yearss of Love’s delectation ; When flowers still would delight And give to enduring souls cessation From hurting and sorrow’s blight. One by one they have passed on. All I loved and moved among ; Dead or married—from me gone. For all I place my bosom upon By fate adverse are annoyed. Go 1000. excessively. O Muse. depart. Other parts fairer find ; For my land but offers art For the laurel. ironss that bind. For a temple. prisons blind. But before thou leavest me. speak: State me with thy voice sublime. Thou couldst of all time from me seek A vocal of sorrow for the weak. Defiance to the tyrant’s offense. The Song of the Traveller Like to a foliage that is fallen and withered. Tossed by the storm from pole unto pole ; Therefore roams the pilgrim abroad without intent. Roams without love. without state or psyche. Following uneasily unreliable luck. Fortune which e en as he grasps at it flees ; Vain though the hopes that his longing is seeking. Yet does the pilgrim embark on the seas Ever impelled by the unseeable power. Destined to roll from the East to the West ; Oft he remembers the faces of loved 1s. Dreams of the twenty-four hours when he. excessively. was at remainder. Opportunity may delegate him a grave on the desert. Grant him a concluding refuge of peace ; Soon by the universe and his state forgotten. God rest his psyche when his rovings cease! Frequently the grieving pilgrim is envied. Circling the Earth like a sea-gull above ; Little. ah. small they know what a nothingness Saddens his psyche by the absence of love. Home may the pilgrim return in the hereafter. Back to his loved 1s his footfalls he bends ; Naught will he find but the snow and the ruins. Ashs of love and the grave of his friends. Pilgrim. begone! Nor return more afterlife. Stranger thou art in the land of thy birth ; Others may sing of their love while joying. Thou one time once more must roll o’er the Earth. Pilgrim. begone! Nor return more afterlife. Dry are the cryings that a piece for thee ran ; Pilgrim. begone! And bury thine affliction. Loud laughs the universe at the sorrows of adult male. The Song of Maria Clara Sweet are the hours in one’s native land. Where all is beloved the sunbeams bless ; Life-giving zephyrs sweep the strand. And decease is soften’ vitamin D by love’s caress. Warm busss play on her mother’s lips. On her fond. stamp chest waking up ; When unit of ammunition her cervix the soft arm faux pass And bright eyes smiling. all love partaking. Sweet is decease for one’s native land. Where all is beloved the Sun beams bless ; Dead is the zephyr that sweeps the strand. Without a female parent. place. or love’s caress.

Misanthrope essays

Misanthrope essays The tension of illusion and reality present a tremendous problem for the characters in Molieres Misanthrope. Another tension, to a lesser extent, is that of love and principle. Throughout the play the characters are saying or thinking one thing, but saying or doing the complete opposite. The conflict of these tensions is what makes this play a comedy and in some ways a tragic comedy. The main character, Alceste, goes from beginning to end judging people on their morals and ideals, yet never once examines himself. He would rather magnify the flaws of others then look at himself for what he really is. He is also falls guilty to letting his love of a women, whom he was deceived by, outweigh his judgement. In the beginning of Act One, Scene One, Alceste is quarreling with Philinte because Alceste believes that Philinte is a fraud: Exclaim for joy until you are out of breath/ Once the mans back is turned, you cease to love him/ And speak with absolute indifference of him (16). It is in this exchange with Philinte that Alceste is blaming Philinte for embellishing his like of someone. Alceste says that he would: hang himself without delay (17) if he was to do something like that. He is being very judgmental when there really is no need to be. He lives in this illusion that his society has to be perfect. The illusion goes even further because Alceste has this self-righteous confidence in his own perfection that will later set him up for catastrophic consequences in love, law and literary criticism. The single biggest deception in the play is the illusion that Celimene puts on for Alceste. In Act Three, Scene Seven, Arsinoe tries to let Alceste know that Celimene doesnt really love him at all: Youre very much too good for Celimene/ Shes wantonly misled you from the start (99). Alcestes response to this is: You may be r ...

Research Methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Methods - Research Proposal Example The purpose of the study will be to assess the effects and causes of employee tenure about businesses within the United States. The independent variables within this study are longevity and motivation. The blocking variable will include the subject’s age gender. The extraneous variable within this study will be the type of employment. Finally, the dependent variable will be businesses in the United States of America. The causes and effects of employee longevity affect business within the United States positively. Evaluation of the selected hypothesis will begin with identifying a null hypothesis thereafter; will be formulating an alternative hypothesis. Later on, it will be specifying the significance level. Afterwards, I will perform a comparison analysis with the aim of establishing test scores. The final stage will be the conclusion whereby, I will either reject or accept the null hypothesis. The independent factor in this case will be employee longevity while the dependent variable will be business within the United States of America. The design in use will be a true experiment design. Reason being, it is the only research method, which can evaluate the effect and cause relationship. In order, to enable efficient use the real experiment design, I will begin by determining the treatment to undergo the study; secondly, I will select the subjects that are to be part of the study. This I will do randomly to get different race, gender and age. Thirdly, I will separate the randomly selected items and embark on the study. Finally, I will interpret the findings of my study using statistical analysis techniques. (Experiments and Quasi-Experiments 2014) The subjects in the study are employees of various companies within United States. They will be randomly selected based on age, gender, ethnicity among many more aspects. I will use questionnaires as my experimental materials. When I first arrive in different businesses premises, which will be my fields of

Early Canadian History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Early Canadian History - Term Paper Example As such, a focus upon some of the key issues that were first represented and controversial with regards to public education, a focus upon the differential that existed between urban and rural public education, a discussion and analysis of the court and resources that were leveraged within early Canadian public education, and a focus upon the feminize nation of the teaching profession will be engaged within the course of this brief analysis. Whereas it is true that Canada was but one of many modern states that engaged with the concept of public education during the course of the 19th century, the level and extent to which this occurred and the unique concerns and mechanisms by which it was engaged helped to allow this process to be unique and separate to Canada.1 As such, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a more informed understanding of the way in which early Canadian public education came to be formulated, the means through which it is differentiated from many other public education institutions throughout the world, and the residual impacts of this formulation that can continue to be felt within the current era. As with any dynamic shift, a level of pushback existed with regards to a general societal acceptance of a public education system. ... ugh it is true that the local and regional partners had been ineffective in providing compulsory education for all stakeholders, these individuals nonetheless believed that their model was. Due to the fact that a level of local an individual control existed with regards to what material would be represented the student and how engagement in the learning process would take place.3 This is not particularly surprising due to the fact that it continues to be evidenced within the current era. Any time a federal system seeks to implement a broad level of overarching regulations and norms for the system, individuals within society oftentimes push for a degree of extended autonomy through which they can continue to leverage their own power in lieu of accepting the norms that are specified by the federal government. Evidence of this is continually seen within the United States and has increasingly been noted within the economy and social dynamics of Canada throughout the past several decades. As something of a corollary to the issue that is previously been referenced, it must also be understood that distinct ethnic communities within Canada felt that a normalization of education within a public system would necessarily decrease the level of shared history and cultural integration that these respective communities had formulated over the decades. As even a cursory level of analysis reveals, the different provinces of Canada represent distinct racial and ethnic compositions; especially within the early years of Canadian society. Says one author, â€Å"Due to the fact that the sheer geographic mass of Canada was so large, it was difficult if not impossible for stakeholders within the government to immediately allocate fair levels of funding to achieve the goals they had set out to

E-Commerce and its impact on the Global Marketplace Essay

E-Commerce and its impact on the Global Marketplace - Essay Example The main impact of E-Commerce is the fact that the global marketplace never sleeps and working 24/7, 365 days a year. It functions across different time zones as well as geographic boundaries. The integration of synergies leads to an extraordinary improvement in efficiencies. The presence of better and improved software enables the companies to conduct business online in an automated fashion leading to better productivity. It opens up a better competitive arena even to smaller companies with lesser resources at their disposal. It symbolizes the usage of the complete potential of the Internet and using it to gain profitability. Inter-business transactions or business-to-business (B2B) or e-commerce between businesses usually between manufacturers and suppliers. The other is the transaction between businesses and consumers (B2C) or electronic retailing. B2B type of E-Commerce is more common because of the usage of computer technology to a large extent by businesses, B2C in the form of online retailing has picked up exponentially. The success story of Wal-Mart has been extensively discussed and analysed. Sam Walton's guiding principles of "everyday low prices " have made Wal-Mart the world's largest retailer. The availability of the product when the customer looks for it on the shelf has to be accomplished, at the lowest possible cost without high overheads Using E-Commerce Supply Chain to Support Low Prices and Increased Customer Satisfaction "At Wal-Mart, we don't implement technology for its own sake," says David Flanagin, Director of Network Engineering. "It has to have a payback that helps the customer."(Quoted from http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/ibs/vertical/retail/Wal-Mart.PDF) So when the Wal-Mart network that unifies more than 100,0000 employees in more than 2400 stores and 100 distribution centres was undertaken, the Cisco network was chosen after great deliberation. Unifying and coordinating retailers and suppliers were of paramount importance. The number is staggering considering there are thousands of products and hundreds of suppliers and these are shipped to myriad destinations in the actual seasonal periods when they are sold. Wal-Mart ventured into EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) in 1980 and used it to transmit data to its suppliers. By 1990 Wal-Mart had its own application called "Retail Linka" and suppliers used modems to dial into the network for sales and inventory data. This enabled better forecasting and planning, producing and shipping. With the growing E-Commerce scenario, Wal-Mart utilized the power of the Internet and using the Cisco network, Wal-Mart updated and reorganized the "Retail Linka" to a greater level of competence and usability. Logins are password protected and each supplier has a level to which he is able to access the information. "We

Marketing Management Marketing Plan of Asda

Marketing Management Marketing Plan of Asda Introduction Marking planning is one of the main functions of marketing department of an organization (Kotler, 2003). This coursework will focus on marketing strategy and plan of ASDA. The main points of discussion in this coursework are internal and external analysis, SWOT analysis, market targeting and marketing mix. Vision Statement of Asda According to Asda (2009) the main aim of the organization is to serve the customers by offering them lower prices and giving their customers respect for which they deserve. They want to achieve this goal through their staff called colleagues. They are developing their skills. So they can satisfy their customers expectation and make their visit to store more pleasant and joyful. Situation Analysis When an organization works in the competitive market, it has two main types of environment. Internal Environment External Environment To formulate, implement and execute a successful marketing strategy, ASDA management and marketing decision makers have to understand these two types of environments. (ASDA, 2009) Internal Environment The internal environment of an organization is inside of organization. Most of the processes and procedures working in the organization are part of internal environment of organization. Internal environment of an organization contains most of the controllable variables (Sadler and Craig, (2003). Following are the main elements of internal environment of ASDA. Employees The employees of an organization are most important part of organization as they participate in almost all the processes and produces of the organization. Even highly technological intensive organizations, the role of human resources is extremely important to get optimal benefit from that technology. The human resources of ASDA are 150000 of which 90000 are casual and remaining 60000 are full time. The company is managing casual and part timers to save the employees expenses. The marketing employees of organization include customer relation staff, people who work in general market and do surveys to collect market data and executives and managers work in the head office. (ASDA, 2009) Products ASDA is selling large range of products and services to their organization. Before its merger with the Wal-Mart the organization was under performing. As soon as they get the specialized help for their parent company, they started to grow. As a result, in 2003 they have taken over Sainsburys. They are selling their customers grocery, clothes, electronic products and many other type of products through their store based retailing and online retailing. In the online business, customers can get access to the store through ASDA website. The goods are delivered next day to customers at their door step. They are also providing financial services through their stores and website. (ASDA, 2009) Communication Communication within the organization and with the external world is mostly done through company own services. They are using modern technology for this purpose as well to establish social networking and get benefit for the experience and information of other. The internal structure is well defined and all the members know who is reporting to whom. For marketing communication same channels of communication are used. The market research data, different sort of analysis are available to all the people working in organization at the central local on services. (ASDA, 2009) External environment Markets ASDA is occupying 16% of United Kingdom Retail market. Out of these 16% nearly 50.30% people are visiting to their favorite stores everyday and nearly 14.60% people are visit the store two or three times daily. In the busy cities, the organization is continuously losing their customers base due to congestion in the cities. It takes time to go to ASDA and buy the goods. People prefer the corner shop for buying the product of casual use. (ASDA, 2009) Competitive Environment The UK market is very mature market and all the key players in the retail industry have their constant market share. It is very hard to increase the market share. To increase the market share organization has to spend more on the marketing expenses. The cost of marketing campaign is also reducing the profit margin of the owners/shareholders. Same is the problem for the marketing personnel of ASDA. (ASDA, 2009) Economic environment UK and whole world is passing through a world worse economic depression. This economic depression has reduced the purchasing power of the people. Same time it is hard for the organization to get access to the financial resources for their development projects. The per capital income is reducing due to reduction in per capital income. Organizations are facing more pressure from the government in terms of tax as their national deficient are increasing in larger extent. The United Kingdom recently has national deficient nearly 63% of their total GDP. This also has limited the organization marketing activities. They are cutting down the expenses and adopting more pessimistic approach. Though credit crisis has less impact on the retail industry like ASDA, Tesco as they are selling the products of basic needs but still economic impact is visible in their different marketing and business activities. (ASDA, 2009) Social and cultural environment The most of operations of ASDA are in United Kingdom. The society of UK is multicultural society. Keeping the nature of society in mind, ASDA marketing people do not ignore this fact. They have good range of products for different type of people belonging to different countries, religions and cultures. They are serving such customers in their world food department. (ASDA, 2009) Hitt, et al (2008) critically examined that the life style of the people in United Kingdom has changed in during last two decades. They prefer to buy bulk of goods from their favourite stores. This gives them benefit of time saving and less hassle. This also has developed the loyalty culture. The marketers are trying to understand the changing in thinking and taste of people and developing products to satisfy their changed needs. Political and legal environment The government of United Kingdom is thinking about out of town policy for the supermarket. This is negative for the supermarket and they will lose significant part of their sales due to this reason. The people will not come to store for the casual products. The control over the inflection is also function of government. The government of United Kingdom have taken number of quantitative measures after credit crisis. These enable the government to keep rate of inflation under 3%. Fiscal policy, monitory policy, employment policy or taxes are main part of government of United Kingdom. (Hitt, et al 2008) Technological environment Technology is used in many functions of business but use of technology in the marketing is really getting more importance. Marketing data is flowing from marketing personnel working in the field in real time basis. ASDA marketing personnel are using modern tools like mobile computer terminal at different places. The data generated by these machines straightaway comes to the central location. These tools are also helping the marketing managers to analyze the marketing data and give analytical reports. (ASDA, 2009) SWOT analysis Strengths ASDA is well known brand. Their financial strength is also higher due to support of their parent country. They have improved their managerial skills and developed number of best practices which they get from Mal-Mart. The organization is adopting lower price strategy which is best tool to attract more customers in current economic environment. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Weaknesses ASDA is lacking in smaller stores while their competitor Tesco is getting huge sum of money for smaller stores. It is not possible for the company to build bigger stores at shorter distance. The market share of ASDA is constant from number of years. This shows that there is no growth opportunity for the organization in future if conditions remain same. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Opportunities The organization has greater chances to diversify their business to India, China and other emerging economies. There are number of smaller and local chains which are struggling. ASDA can take over these stores and re-structure them to increase their customer base. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Threats the obvious threat of ASDA is its close competitor Sainsburys. If economy goes in further recession then organization is not in the position to reduce further prices as they are selling already at lower prices. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Marketing Objectives The main objective of ASDA is to provide more modern services to their customer. They are aiming to increase their customer base by provision of better services, adding more products in their product range and lastly the development of new channels of distribution. (ASDA, 2009) Through, more control over the prices, they have reduced their cost while quality of services is same. The 30% of the queues have been reduced due to application of more advanced technology at the checkouts. In this way they are willing the customer satisfaction. The organization is successfully implemented the policy of lower prices successfully. They want to carry on executing same policy in future. (ASDA, 2009) Target markets According to ASDA, (2009) The organization is targeting almost all the segments of UK society. However most general customers of ASDA are women of age 20s and 30s. These women buy the goods of day to day use for themselves and their families. The second group of market segment of ASDA are males. They also buy for themselves or for their families. It is showing that marketing campaign of ASDA is not specified on a particular group. Marketing Mix Strategies Product strategies ASDA is enabling their customers to go get access to their favourite products at the cheaper prices. In addition, they are also offering the customers to give their valuable suggestion for the better product development. When new products are launched they are encouraging their customer to participate in the product launching ceremony. When customers get such a care and freedom of suggestion then probability to get loyal is much more. ASDA is giving option to their customers that the person will come with the brightest ideas will get 5% of first year saving. (ASDA, 2009) Pricing strategies The organization is mainly focusing on the lower prices of their products. They are successfully running this policy from last 12 years. However during this time they could only win 0.50% market share from Tesco. (ASDA, 2009) Promotion strategies ASDA marketing people are always curious to adopt new and innovative promotional techniques. They are offering their customers like two for two pound, one for 1.99 and similarly many other techniques. The roll back tags of ASDA are visible to every visitor. The stores are instructed to display reduced price products in front of store so these can catch the attention of customers immediately when they enter into store. (ASDA, 2009) Distribution strategies ASDA have 25 bigger depots national wide scattered around at different strategic locations. In 2008, ASDA came into contract with Gazelle Company Limited who took the responsibility of management of its warehouse and its international marketing. ASDA stores also have their own production and manufacturing stores. (ASDA, 2009) Conclusion The marketing strategy of ASDA is successful especially inspiring the customers through their lower prices strategy. However, more innovation and new ideas are needed to catch the market leader Tesco. They should develop the team of marketing people who take care of their customers at more professional basis. More they will get success to make the customer loyal more they will grab the market share.

Marijuana and College Students Essay -- Marijuana Students Pot

Marijuana and College Students Marijuana may control the way people act, think, and even hurt their college academics. Marijuana is one of the most popular used drugs in America ranking about third after tobacco and alcohol. Marijuana is a substance that has become very much a part of American culture; many college students have either used it occasionally or regularly. With that in mind, I thought it would be interesting to find out about students at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) and their use of marijuana. In fact most students might not even know what they are smoking and what exactly makes them feel the way they do. Exactly what is marijuana? Marijuana is made of the dried leaves and flowers of the female cannabis sativa plant, and looks like oregano. There are many different marijuana preparations that are widely used to obtain effects. It can be either smoked or taken by mouth. Marijuana can be smoked in the form of a hand-rolled cigarette ("joint" or "reefer") it is also smoked in a variety of pipes. Hashish (hash) is a dried-caked resin from the flowers and leaves of the plant. It is sold in chunks and cubes, and its color range from light brown to black. Hashish is often blended with tobacco and smoked. It is more potent than marijuana because it contains a higher concentration of THC. THC is the main ingredient in all cannabis preparations. The more THC cannabis contains, the stronger it is. The effects of marijuana are similar to alcohol intoxication. Small amounts can make you relaxed and generally less inhibited yet some users say that it enhances the experiences of music, food and sex. After hearing all about how college students feel about marijuana I wanted to find out for myself, so... ...re lighting up next time. Maybe they will wonder just what harm they have done to their body already. Many people that smoke marijuana have the effects that are discussed in this paper. It can plainly be seen, their lack of motivation and kind of "spacey ness" that is commonly associated with marijuana smoking. I often wonder what these people would be like if they stopped their use and allowed themselves to rid their body of the drug and its by-products. Marijuana use is still very popular throughout the United States, and the fact that people are not educated enough about its effects is very detrimental. These people are hurting themselves, and they don't know (and many just don't care) what they are doing to their bodies. If marijuana use continues to grow too much, we may have a country of unmotivated people, with many more health problems. Where will we be then?

Historical Evolution of Shopping Places

Introduction In the beginning of the history of shopping topographic points, the shopping activity took topographic point in the unfastened infinites with other urban and public maps and activities and activities of the metropolis, like ancient Grecian Agora or Roman Forum. After centuries, the enclosed shopping promenades separated urbanity and shopping activity from each other. These to the full enclosed and environmentally controlled ingestion infinites reinterpreted the urban cloth to imitate a metropolis image and a street like atmosphere indoors. Inside the walls a new metropolis was created, where people shop, eat, entertain, and even kip, acquire married or have a college instruction. Today, urban cloth and shopping promenade integrating is going more of import. Open infinite and sustainable design for shopping promenades are the lifting tendencies in the universe. So, the bing shopping promenades are opening, incorporating with and fabric and continually updating themselves to vie with the emerging shopping topographic points. This recent regeneration tendency is called ‘De-malling’ in the universe. Scope OF STUDY As it is non possible to grok and plan shopping promenades without cognizing their beginning and their development as a type, this thesis explores the history of shopping topographic points through recent tendencies in shopping promenade design. Shopping promenades are accepted as urban public infinites. So, the range of survey is originated harmonizing to urban public infinite quality of shopping promenades. The survey comprises a research on definitions and theories of public kingdom, public infinite, and urbanity and their interaction with shopping promenade design constructs. The shopping infinites in history and the modern-day shopping promenade, from the beginning through the emerging types, are exemplified and examined from literature and Internet, in order to understand their development, their transmutation, and their regeneration grounds, schemes and solutions. In the terminal, the recent schemes besides verify the clients preferring of shopping promenades with improved urb an infinite quality. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF SHOPPING PLACES Today, ingestion has become a lifestyle and shopping promenades are the temples of ingestion. Shopping promenades are renewing urban environing with their multiple functionality, different architectural constructs, and advanced architectural solutions they provide. How do they go that powerful? HISTORY & A ; TYPES The metropolis is an involved being under changeless alteration. In its life mesh, public constructions are bonded to the topographic points where people live, and these, in bend, are bonded to each other, in a rich ruse of adjacency. The metropolis presents us with a new set of environmental thoughts, such as the street, the public square, the defensive wall and its Gatess. It crowds our treatment with a mark of edifice innovations – for illustration, the canal and the garner, the castle and the bath, the market, the bakeshop, stores, eating houses, and libraries. ( A history of Architecture: Settings and Rituals by Spiro Kostof, page: 43 ) ANCIENT TIMES: When Prehistoric people started to pass on they besides started to merchandise. They bartered goods and services from each other. The history of long-distance commercialism began about 150.000 old ages ago. The earliest trading activities took topographic point in meeting and assemblage infinites. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) During the Stone Age, the exchange of obsidian and flint was started. In Catalhoyuk, a Neolithic period colony in southern Anatolia 7500-5000 BC, there is grounds that obsidian tools were traded for points such as Mediterranean Sea shells and flint from Syria. In 1969 Jane Jacobs ( journalist, writer, and activist best known for her influence on urban surveies ) developed a new theory, called New Obsidian Theory, to explicate the advancement of urbanisation in Neolithic ages. In this theory she created an fanciful metropolis and named as New Obsidian, Catalhoyuk was her theoretical account metropolis. Harmonizing to Jacobs, the obsidian trade exposed the New Obsidian metropolis and the whole metropolis was a market topographic point in map. Besides harmonizing to Kostof ( A history of Architecture: Settings and Rituals by Spiro Kostof, p.43 ) , the urban revolution differs from the Neolithic revolution. The metropolis typified a societal procedure and the revolution it brought about was embodied in the interaction of people with each other. One of the primary intents for the initiation and operation of metropoliss is interchanging goods. So, trade is one of the grounds for interactions of people with each other that developed urbanisation. Although it is assumed that trade was started in Neolithic period ; the earliest nonliteral presentation of market topographic point is seen in Egyptian drawings in 1500 BC. But, there is no certain grounds in what infinite or edifice they carried out their trading activities. Before the innovation of money, trade was state’s sovereignty to be. For illustration, in Ancient Egypt, Pharaoh wielded complete control of the land and its resources as the absolute sovereign of the state. All people were his workers. Then they started to merchandise in small graduated tables. They used a sort of swap system. The ancient Egyptians did non gestate the usage of money until the Late Time period. During the 5Thursdaycentury B.C. , money was introduced from abroad. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.touregypt.net/featurestories/prices.htm ) In the antediluvian E, ironss of retail shops are known to hold operated in China in several centuries B.C. Chinese people traded salt, Fe, fish, cowss, and silk through the celebrated Silk Road, they besides traded externally: goods from China could be traded by Greece ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ancienthistory.about.com/od/china/ss/082208china_5.htm ) Agora The Agora was an unfastened ‘‘place of assembly’’ in ancient Grecian city states. The most of import map of the agora was topographic point for day-to-day communications and formal and informal assembly. In the beginning, the citizens would garner in the agora for military responsibility or to hear statements of the governing male monarch or council, early in the Grecian history in 900s-700s B.C. Later, the Agora defined as an open-air, frequently tented market topographic point of a metropolis where merchandisers had their stores and where craftsmen made and sold their wares. Agora was the generation of modern urban infinite. On market yearss, goods were laid out on mats or on impermanent stables to let other activities – such as vote and argument, public shows, athleticss and parades – to take topographic point outside market yearss. The earliest trading took topographic point at the hub of the colony, and so established the integrated relationship between trading and the bosom of civilised activity in the centre of the towns. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) Agora was located on the crossings of chief roads of the metropolis and surrounded by public edifices. One of the of import parts of the Agora was the Stoa. Stoa comprises covered paseos or porticos for public use. Large porticoes appeared on the chief roads of the large towns during the Greek and Roman periods. In the ancient Grecian merchandisers spread their wares under the colonnades of the Stoa, which was particularly designated for their activity. Still there were no lasting stores as a physically defined infinite for stores in the Grecian Agora. The Grecian metropoliss developed in a self-generated, organic manner, lacked consistent street systems, and contained ‘only the beginnings of arcaded public promenades’ . But subsequently, get downing in the 6th century B.C. , new Grecian metropoliss emerged that were based on a systematic program, called gridiron, with standardised blocks, long broad avenues, and a rectangular agora surrounded by colonnaded streets. The Romans extended this program. ROMAN FORUM Forum is the market topographic point or public topographic point of an ancient Roman metropolis, the centre of judicial and concern personal businesss and a topographic point of assembly for the people ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forum ( 12.12.2009 ) ) . Just like Greek Agora, the major metropoliss of the Roman period formed unfastened infinites as the centre of the civic life, which were surrounded by temples, basilicas, bathing machines and province edifices. Shopping was one of the activities which took topographic point both in the edifices and in the forum infinite.( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) The Roman Forum, which was a rectangular courtyard surrounded by stores, was located on the axis, between basilica and capitol ( Figure 3.6 ) . This program was repeated throughout the Empire. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio who was born in 80–70 B.C. and died after 15 B.C. has been called as world’s foremost known applied scientist. He outlined the standardisation and usage of readymade theoretical accounts in his treatise. As a consequence, from the first century B.C. new towns and municipalities became miniature Romes. The function of architectural invention had been reduced. The major forum was called the Forum Romanum. The others named as the Forum Caesaris, the Forum Trajani, the forum boarium ( the cowss market ) , the forum piscarium ( the fish market ) , the forum holitorium ( the veggie market ) , and the forum suarium ( the pig market ) ; like today’s supermarkets. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_pennellhistoryofrome47.htm ) Trajan Market Trajan’s Market provided a wholly new image for urban design, as a radical composite of domed infinites for commercial and societal intents. Apollodorus of Damascus built the Market in AD 100-110 in the clip of Emperor Trajan. During the in-between Ages the composite was transformed by adding floor degrees. Trajan’s Forum is likely to hold been one of the first aggregations of defined stores and was a brilliant agreement of shared-use edifices. It was the first illustration of the stores mostly under screen and arranged on several degrees. Trajan’s Forum was holding approximately 150 stores on assorted degrees. The upper degrees were used for offices while the lower portion, had shops selling oil, vinos, seafood, food markets, veggies and fruit. MEDIEVAL TO 19ThursdayCentury After the autumn of the Western Roman Empire in 5Thursdaycentury, Western Europe drifted into 500 old ages or so of dark ages, shopping included. The large-scale retail environment of the Roman forum was non re-attained until many centuries subsequently. However, merchandising ne'er ceased and swap became the footing for exchange of goods instead than money. Following the dark ages, the in-between Ages witnessed the first sustained urbanisation of northern and western Europe. As a consequence, towns began to proper once more, alongside the palaces and abbeys, finally broadening and developing into trading centres. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) Medieval MARKET HALL AND TOWN HALL The market and town halls were the bosom of trading and concern activity of the metropolis. They were located along with the market square, in the centre of the town. The early market and town hall edifices combined the two utilizations: the first floor was disposal, the land floor remained unfastened between the columns and was used as an extension to the market. The wares displayed on removable stables. After a piece, the land floors were arranged into a group of little stores. So, the defined store infinites in Northern Europe started. This format of outward confronting aggregations of stores would come to organize the footing of shop-lined streets throughout Europe in ulterior centuries. By 1300AD lasting constructions had begun to irrupt on to open market topographic points. These islands of edifices originated as impermanent stables arranged in narrow rows devoted to peculiar trades. Subsequently, the stables were replaced by edifices with domestic adjustment or storage above a stall or store, and many were finally reconstructed as complete houses. A really good illustration of a combined market and town hall supplying a aggregation of defined stores can be found at the Ring in Breslau – 1275, today Wroclaw in Poland. The Breslau Market Buildings are one of the earliest illustrations of purpose-made single-use market edifices. Beside the town hall, four analogue linear ways lined with stores on each side provided clandestine stables for different types of trade. The market was founded harmonizing to Magdeburg Law every bit early as the regulation of Henry I the Bearded between 1214 and 1232. Over clip, the patricians ‘ houses appeared and by the center of the fourteenth century they had formed a closed building with the bounds of the secret plans defined. The Magdeburg Law were a set of German town Torahs modulating the grade of internal liberty within metropoliss and small towns granted with it by a local swayer. The jurisprudence was a milepost in urbanisation of the part and prompted the development of 1000s of small towns and metropoliss. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg_rights ) By the 16Thursdaycentury, across Europe market edifices were no longer combined with town halls. Alternatively, market halls were built as big additive constructions covering long nave-like infinites, with side aisles lined with stables organizing aggregations of stores.

buy custom Red Crescent Movement essay

buy custom Red Crescent Movement essay The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a non-making profit organization that operates in 186 countries. This organization kicks back its root in 1919, and its major goal is to provide aid to the victims of technological and natural disasters, and health emergencies as well as the refugees. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement act as the main representative for its members in the international arena. In addition, it enhances the cooperation among the national societies, and assists in promoting their ability to perform disaster, health, social programmes and preparedness effectively. This organization has several substitutes that operate under the basic objectives, principles, statues, symbols and governing organs of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. These movements are; International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The funds for supporting the ongoing activities of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement come from surplus revenues, donation from donors, and the governments. Although this non-making profit has existed for a long time, it faces many setbacks, which have been deeply analyzed in this paper. This paper will also scrutinize the internal and external factors that hinder this organization as well as its strength and opportunities. In addition, the paper will look at the current positions and select the one the fits my career. 1.0 Background The non-profit organizations are those that are aimed at enhancing all of the humanity aspects (Koteen 1997). Their objectives and goals are not aimed at attaining a return on investment, but rather promoting the goodwill and bettering the lives of others (Hartigan 2006). The profits earned by such organizations are not shared as dividends, but are rather reinvested into the organization (Koteen, 1997). They operate within various public beneficial aspects like, environmental protection, caring for the old and the disabled, community development, and the protection of animal rights among many others (Alvarado 2000). One good example of the non-profit organizations is the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which is considered to be the largest global humanitarian network, with a mission of alleviating humanitarian suffering, upholding human dignity, as well as protecting health and life of the people, particularly during emergencies such as floods, armed conflicts, ear thquakes and epidemics (Neville 2002). This movement consists of about 97 million members, staff and volunteers globally, with three distinct organizations (Jean-Claude, 1999). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial organization that is charged with the responsibility of protecting the lives and dignity of people affected by war or internal violence (Hans 1993). The second organization is the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and is charged with the responsibility of organizing and leading relief aid missions that deal with large-scale emergencies (Neville 2002). The third organization is the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that has been established in almost every country in the world. The National Societies work in their own countries depending on their capacities and specific circumstances. Most of their activities are closely associated with the provision of emergency medical services to the affecte d people during times of emergencies (Neville 2002). All of the three components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement are guided by the same seven fundamental principles: humanity, neutrality, impartiality, voluntary service, unity, independence, and universality (Hans 1993). To achieve its mission of assisting without discrimination that is aimed at promoting peace around the world, the Movement has an important management strategy that gives it a clear strategic direction directed towards reconciling the diverse cultures and priorities of the National Societies, with the aim of being a global network for humanitarian action that works together as a Movement (ICRC Report, 1997). Furthermore, the Movement is guided by the Seville Agreement was adopted by the Movement through the 1997 Council of Delegates in Seville (Angela, 2005). This paper will basically offer an overview of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, analyzing its competitors through the Porter 5 forces, and trends through the force fi eld analysis. The paper will also look at the job opportunities available in this organization, along with the skills I posses and consider if I can qualify for the any of the advertised vacancies. 2.0 Competitors of International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement through porter 5 forces The non-for profit organizations have become one of the most significant driving forces behind the national economic and social development. However, considering the fact that these organizations are most of the time faced by scarcity of resources, it is viewed that competition is the major means and ways through which these organizations can attain their goals and objective (Porter 2008). Therefore, these organizations have to ensure that they will be able to continue providing for the community for the intended period of operation. 2.1 The threat of new entrants into the non-for profit organization Allowing new entrants into the non-for profit sector may imply increased competition for donations and memberships, thus decreasing the funds raised by the organization. For the case of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, having new entrants into this sector may provide a wider choice for the health insurance providers and government tenders , and thus the Movement may be forced to provide extra services for the same amount of funding. 2.2 The Threat of Substitutes he availability of a substitute in the market can lower the amount of potential profits within the industry (Porter, 2008). For instance, enrolment into the schooling programme supported by a non for profit organization such as the American Red Cross may limit membership into the capacity-building programme supported by this Movement (Eugene Brown, 2011). 2.3 Buyer power For the non-for profit organizations, buyers include donors, philanthropic and government funders, and consumers (Porter, 1980). Therefore, buyers can exert pressure on the non-profit organization creating a situation where there is stiff competition for the same source of funding. 2.4 Supplier power Suppliers in this case refer to the government organizations, and other service providers. An analysis of the supplier power impact on the non-for profit organization demands an understanding of the pressures within the suppliers industry. The movement is required for instance to have an understanding of the medicine industry, as this can have power over this Movement. 2.5 Degree of rivalry Competition exists within the non-for profit sector for corporate sponsorship, consumers, donors and government grants (Porter 2008). An analysis of the number of organizations offering the same services compared to the number of individuals requiring such services can be used as a measure of the rivalry in the industry. For instance, the American Red Cross is also a humanitarian organization just like this Movement, and thus can used to determine how concentrated the sector is with regard to attracting donors. 3.0 Analyzing trends through Force Field analysis The concept of force field analysis was introduced by Kurt Lewin, and is still applied by most managers today to help understand the factors or rather forces influencing a situation or behaviour within the organization. Basically, the force field analysis looks at the forces that help in either driving or hindering the movement towards a certain goal (Lewin 1943). Therefore, conducting a force field analysis helps the organization to plan to build up on the forces that support a specific decision, and minimize the opposing factors. For instance, the Internal Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement can apply the force filed analysis to manage and understand the behaviour of its employees. The driving forces propel behaviour towards the desired direction. Such forces can either be extrinsic or intrinsic, or a combination of both, for instance, the desire to achieve the approval of co-workers and bosses, organizational rewards, and motivation (David 2005). However, the restraining forces of ten prevent the attainment of the desired behaviour, and incorporate such factors as lack of training, lack of motivation, and personal issues. Therefore, the understanding of both the restraining and the driving forces provides an understanding of the factors affecting the behaviour of the employees. For instance, if one employee is known to misappropriate the organizations resources, the organization can identify both the driving and the restraining forces in order to help change the behaviour of that employee. It is worth noting that to attain the behaviour change the organization should consider minimizing the restraining force and increase the driving force. In addition, it is worth noting that this Movement is often bound to encounter conflicts with other non for profit organizations that have similar objectives with this Movement. The Movement can therefore apply the force field analysis to analyze the driving forces and the factors that have made it difficult to attain coope ration with other non for profit organizations. There always certain misconception about such social trends and thus the force field analysis to determine the main elemental constructs (Lewin 1943). The Movement will therefore have to identify its strengths, for instance, the basic interest within the community it serves, as well as the challenges, such as competition for the limited space, that prevent it from cooperating with the other organizations. This will allow it to work on the identified challenges in order to increase on the strengths towards attaining cooperation. 4.0 Why I suit to work for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: My key strength is my interest in IT and business management: I would like to transform this strength into visible and viable performance for an organization that will utilize and nurture my capabilities for our mutual benefit. We realize that the contemporary world is a competitive world where innovation is the major driving force towards attaining a competitive advantage. However, this is not only confined to the profit making industry, but also applies to the not-for-profit industry. For instance, technology is required to enable the organization track new developments, as well as to maintaining the collaborative networking. I believe that I will be able to apply my strengths to help the organization help move forward. Besides, I am a team leader and player and thus will be able to interact with different people from different backgrounds considering the fact that this is an organization whose main activities revolve around serving and interacting with different communities. I can also manage tasks without having to be supervised and I believe this is fitting for the organization considering the fact that most of its activities are not centralized and thus people are required to work without supervision. I also believe that my creativity will allow me to explore new opportunities for the organization, and my ability to solve problems will be of great benefit especially considering the fact that conflicts are often bound to happen at the community level, from individuals competing for the emergency aids. I believe the skills and abilities that I have make me fit to work for this organization. I have conducted a deeper analysis of the International Red Cross movement along with the targets the organization intends to attain during its period of operation, and this has given me the urge to work with it. I am basically interested in serving and helping the most vulnerable people in the society considering the fact that Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an organization that is concerned with initiating emergency responses in challenging environments, then offering me an opportunity to work with the organization will help me explore my career objective. I have chosen to apply for a job in the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement because this is an organization that has gained a worldwide reputation for its exceptional services in serving the most vulnerable people in the society (Hans 1993). 5.0 The Graduate Job I could apply for The organization advertises all its vacancies publicly on its job prospects site and they are open to both the external and internal applicants. The Movement only allows applications for the advertised vacancies and this can only be done online. The organization acknowledges any placed application immediately via an automatic email and provides the on line monitoring of the status of the vacancy. However, it is worth noting that the organization aims at to attract a qualified workforce and to create a performance-driven work culture by rewarding its staff on a merit-based and non-discriminatory manner (Koteen, 1997). The job that I am interested in is the Deputy Programme Coordinator (Grade 4). This vacancy is available in the Pakistan office, which seeks to offer continued implementation, and finalize on the Integrated Recovery Program that basically seeks to help the victims of the monsoon floods that occurred in 2010. Some of the specific tasks and responsibilities include acting as the managerial focal point when it comes to the running of the daily operations of the Integrated Recovery Program, with the specific focus on the integration and coordination of activities carried out by the different programs. This is aimed at ensuring that the goals of the program are attained. This job position requires a professional in social sciences, for instance in humanitarian or development affairs, or management. In addition, the post requires an individual who has worked in disaster management for five years. Some experience is also required in managing and supporting staff, working for the International Federation and National Societies or a humanitarian organization in one of the developing countries. The individual has to have worked at a local level with the communities and developing partnerships at the national, state of the local level. Besides, the applicant is required to be self-supporting in computers, particularly, in windows, word-processing and spreadsheets. Strong skills are also required in supporting, developing and training staff. In addition, the applicant is also required to have a valid driving licence. Besides, the applicants are required to have strong communication skills, and be able to work within a multi-cultural environment. Trust-building and teamwork are also some of the most important skills the interested applicants of this post should have. Also worth noting is the fact that applicants should be able to effectively network and influence others. Some competence is also required in management of resources, supervision and control, management of budgets, planning, leadership, monitoring, and self-management. 6.0 Comparative analysis Looking at the job specifications, some of the skills required match with the skills that I possess. For instance, the organization requires that the applicant should have good communication skills and the ability to head strategic meetings. I believe I have good communication skills for example my ability to speak in five different languages (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, English, Arabic) fluently and I can as well chair meetings within the organization. The organization also requires an individual who can team work. I have worked as a sales assistant at AFZAL Carpet and I was able to relate with the members of staff, as well as the customers effectively, and thus I am sure that I will be able to work with this team effectively. Besides, part of my course entailed working on team projects and I got the opportunity to head my group, a task I managed successfully considering the fact that I was able to influence my tem members to work on time and complete the tasks we had been allocated. Bes ides, the post requires a professional in management and considering the fact that I have pursued a degree in International Business Management, I believe I will be able to fit in this post. I am also proficient in computer programmes, such as windows installation, word-processing, spreadsheets, internet, web designing, which are some of the skills required to qualify for this post. Furthermore, my ability to relate and work effectively with people from diverse backgrounds will be an important asset considering the fact that the organization requires an individual who can work with teams within a multi-cultural environment. The fact that the post is available in the Pakistan office makes it appropriate for me as this is my home country. It is worth noting that, there are various skills and experiences that I am lacking, which are required by the organization for the applicants. The organization requires some experience in working for the International Federation and the National Societies, but I have not had such an experience since I have not worked for this organization before. In addition, the post requires and individual with five years experience in disaster management, an experience that I also lack. However, with some training I believe I will be able to acquire some skills that will help me function effectively in this position. However, despite the gaps I believe I can apply for the job because I posses most of the skills required by the organization. With some training and gaining a master degree in project management in 2013, I will improve and add on the skills I am lacking. 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Identify the business, strategic framework of the Essays - Economy

Identify the business, strategic framework of the Essays - Economy Identify the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations and explain why operations management is important for the organization. (10 Marks) Trendy Connections Pvt Ltd is a knitted apparel manufacturing business that was founded in June 1992 and has been operating in the industry for more than two decades. The business's primary goal was to produce high quality T-shirts at an affordable price, because at the time most people would wear very formal attire but by the early 2000's this trend began to decline as comfortable clothing became more desirable to the eyes of consumers. So Trendy seeing a potentially growing market started manufacturing T-shirts and comfort wear. Their most popular products are children's clothing under their Disney Collection. And due to changing market trends, Trendy has now taken up a variety of apparel such as sports clothing, which is manufactured under a new brand. (trendyconnections.lk) Strategic framework of Trendy The direction and scope of an organization over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder's expectations. (Johnson et al, 2007) Trendy is now currently following McKinney's Strategic horizons (business strategy level). This is mainly focused on the growth and innovation of the business as whole by adopting new ideas and processes. This strategy requires a business to categorize their goals into 3 different horizons (segments). Horizon 1: Core business This encompasses the activities that are more closely aligned with the current goals of the business. Most of the activities that contribute to the overall revenue of the business will belong to this category. For Trendy this would be the manufacturing of their brands which include the following processes: stitching, dying, printing, embroidery, cutting, sublimation etc. Supplying and delivering to the current stores and outlets is also very important, as well as advertising and promotional orders for other organizations. Horizon 2: Emerging Opportunities Emerging opportunities are all about taking what a business already has and extending it out into new areas of revenue. For Trendy this could be increasing marketing and brand awareness by effectively advertising their current sports brand, as it is highly demanded by customers. This could be done by making the product more available in more stores by having exclusive partnerships with certain stores, having promotional deals. Or by offering unique designs and features which could be devised by the design team and production team to create a unique identity (unique selling point) for the product. Horizon 3: Blue Sky The Blue sky horizon is all about taking the business into different ventures or directions. For Trendy this would be setting up their own retail business which would give them total control over how they can market their products. Or they can enter the e-commerce market by setting up their own online store or partnering with existing online businesses such as Wow.lk, Mydeals.lk etc. As online shopping is becoming increasingly common due to the fact that it is convenient and cheaper for customers rather than traveling to a regular store which is more costly (travel expense). (www.executestrategy.net, 2017) The day to day operations of Trendy (Batch Processing: no. 2017) Trendy operations consist of manufacturing a variety of apparel in batches according to the year, but the product that is produced the most often and has the highest volume is the T-shirt. The manufacturing of T-shirts is a largely labour intensive process. Employees operate specialised machines which are designed for: cutting, assembling, and stitching for the most efficient operations. The most commonly used seams for T-shirts are narrow, superimposed seams, which are usually made by placing one piece of fabric on to another and lining up the seam edges. There are various stages in the manufacturing process of t-shirts and some businesses differ from others due to the variations and quality of machinery. 1) Design department: Before the garment can go into production it must be designed by a team of designers and approved by the marketing department. First a rough sketch is made by a designer then a colorist matches the appropriate colors with the design. Then a graphic or CAD designer will use these ideas to come up with a better design consisting of different prints using computer software. 2) Marketing department: After the